شرح قواعد الانجلش كامل ... في الفصل الثاني و مبسط

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

يمكنكم التحميل من هنا

[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذا الرابط]

Unit seven

Wh - questions

They are questions which begins with one of the relative pronouns

(who,whom,what,which,where,when,why,which,whose,what kind of,how,how many,how often,how much)

Who

1- Ali was at school.

Who was at school ?

2- People are traveling everywhere.

Who is traveling everywhere?

3-Students speak English fluently.

Who speaks English fluently ?

ملاحظة: دائما بعد who الفعل مفرد

4- The doctors have treated the patients at last .

Who has treated the patients at last ?

لاحظنا أن الخط كان تحت الكلمة الأولى في الجملة لذلك استعملنا كلمة السؤال ثم أفردنا الفعل ومن ثم أكملنا الجملة كما هي.

whom

أما
إذا لم تكن الكلمة التي تحتها خط في أول الجملة فننا ننظر إلى الفعل فإذا
كان من الأفعال المساعدة فننا نجري عملية قلب بين الفعل المساعد والفاعل
وإذا كان من الأفعال الرئيسية فإننا نستخدم
1- does إذا كان الفعل مضارع معه s مع حذف ال s
2- do إذا كان الفعل مضارع بدون s
3- Did إذا كان الفعل ماضيا مع إرجاع الفعل إلى الinfinitive (مجرد)

1- Someone asked Sami to help him.

Whom did someone ask Sami to help?

2- Rami writes a letter to me.

Whom does Rami write a letter to ?

3- I had phoned my friend .

Whom had you phoned ?

what

1-The bag is on the table .

What is on the table?

2- The vet has examined the sheep .

What has the vet examined ?

3- The lion ate the meat.

What did the lion eat ?

Where

1- I live in Nablus.

Where do you live ?

2- They usually take their breakfast at the restaurant.

Where do they usually take their breakfast?

3- The woman washes the clothes at home.

Where does the woman wash the clothes?

When

1- It's very cold in winter .

When is it very cold?

2- The school opens in August.

When does the school open ?

3- I went to Canada last summer .

When did you go to Canada ?

Why

1- He left the city to live in a village .

Why did he leave the city ?

2- Mary was tired because she worked hard .

Why was Mary tired ?

3- We came here in order to study .

Why did they come here ?

How

1- The boys entered the room in a hurry.

How did the boys enter the room ?

2- The couples are walking slowly.

How are the couples walking ?

whose

Whose : for possessive

('s , my , her , his ,its , their , our , your )

في حالة وجود الخط تحت أي من الضمائر السابقة نستعمل whose 1- I saw Ali's car .

Whose car did you see?

لاحظ : استعملنا whose لان الخط تحت ما يدل على التملك واستملنا الكلمة التي بعد ضمير التملك ثم اتبعنا الطريق الاعتيادية لإكمال السؤال.

2- We live in his apartment.

Whose apartment do we live in?

3- The man can borrow their car .

Whose car can the man borrow?

How

كيف How :

1- Cotton is grown in rows.

How is cotton grown ?

لاحظ : ما تحته خط يدل على الكيفية وهي كيفية زراعة القطن

2- The boys rushed into the class in a hurry .

How did the boys rush into the class ?

3- Huda speaks English fluently.

How does Huda speak English?

4- He replies with a smile.

How does he reply ?

5- They work like slaves.

How do they work?

How often

تستخدم للسؤال عن التكرار عند وجود ظروف التكرار المحددة وغير المحددة.
أمثلة على التكرار المحدد everyday, every year ,five times.

أمثلة على التكرار غير المحدد always,often,sometimes never,ususlly.

1- Muslims pray five times.

How often do Muslims pray?

2- we never went to America.

How often did we go to America?

3-The teacher always asks the students to write the lesson.

How often does the teacher ask the students to write the lesson?

How many

تستخدم للسؤال عن المعدود ويكون الخط تحت رقم أو ما يدل على المعدود.
اسم معدود يأتي بعد how many 1- We bought six cars.

How many cars did we buy?

2- I can speak many languages.

How many languages can you speak?

How much

تستخدم للسؤال عن غير المعدود مثل little , a little , less

1- we found a little money.

How much money did they find?

2- Ali has less patience than Fuad.

How much patience does Ali have than Fuad?

How long

تستخدم للسؤال عن طول الفترة الزمنية.
مثالtwo monthsall the day /all the morning /all the evening/ five hours/

1- I have been waiting him all the evening.

How long have you been waiting him ?

2- We drove in the desert for ten hours

How long did they drive in the desert ?

Which

تستخدم which عندما يكون الخط تحت الصفة .

1- Ali is wearing a red tie.

Which tie is Ali wearing?

2- My brother carried the big box.

Which box did your brother carry ?

3- I am helping the beautiful girl.

Which girl are you helping ?

What kind of

تستخدم للسؤال عن النوع

1- My father works in a vocational school .

What kind of schools does your father work in ?

2- She owned a flour shop.

What kind of shops did she own ?

What-------do

تستخدم عندما يكون الخط تحت الفعل
نستعمل doing عندما يكون الفعل مستمرا أي معه ing
نستعمل done عندما يكون الفعل تصريف ثالث (past participle)

1- The teacher will punish him if he comes late .

What will the teacher do if he comes late.

2- The man has painted the wall .

What has the man done ?

3- They are playing football.

What are they doing ?

Ask a question about the underlined word.

1-Pupils study in the library.

2-The teacher will punish him if he came late.

3-Women pay a lot of money for clothes.

4-I'm going to buy summer clothes.

5-The pupils got into the classroom one by one.

6- She did the work last night.

7-I borrowed Ahmed's newly published book.

8-He sailed early this morning

9-I prefer the green shirt.

10-The injured child traveled abroad to look for better treatment.

11-We ought to pray five times a day.

12-Engineershave built houses for farmers.

13-I lost the small bag.

Tag Questions

Tag Questions

يسمى هذا النوع من الأسئلة بالأسئلة القصيرة
حيث أن الفعل المثبت ينفى والمنفي يثبت.
يوجد عدة قواعد :
1- وجود الأفعال المساعدة كما يلي

am - aren't

am not - am

is - isn’t

are - aren't

was - wasn’t

were - weren't

has (past participle) - hasn’t

have (past participle) - haven't

had (past participle) - hadn’t

can - can't

will - won't

shall - shan't

must - mustn't

1- وجود أفعال رئيسية حيث نستعمل :
· إذا كان الفعل مضارعا معه s نستعمل doesn’t
· إذا كان الفعل مضارعا بدون s نستعمل don’t
· إذا كان الفعل ماضيا نستعمل didn’t

2- الشواذ
· فعل الأمر منفي أو مثبت نستعمل will you
· وجود let's نستعمل shall we
4- has,have,had)+noun) تعتبر أفعال رئيسية
adjective

Add Tag question:
1- Ali is a good boy ,……isn’t he…………………………………………?
2- Sami isn’t nice ,……is he………………………………………………?
3-We can move now, ……can't we………………………………..……..?
4- Iam a teacher , ………aren't I…………………………………………?
5- Iam not a pilot, ……am I…………?
6- The women have washed the clothes, …haven’t they……………..?
7- The little girl plays football, …doesn't she……..?
8- The teachers always ask students questions,…don't they……….?
9- He drove his car fast ,…didn't he………?
Add Tag question:
1- We read the poem yesterday,…………didn’t we……………………?
2-The news is interesting , …………isn’t it……………………………….?
3- Let's go out ,…………………………shall we…………………..……….?
4- They will leave tomorrow,……………won"t they……………….………….?
5- I'm always impatient, ………………aren’t you………………….…………?
6-The door keeper shut the door,………didn’t he……………..…………?
7-The boy has got a present from his mother,……hasn’t he………….…..?
8- The boy had a bike,……………………didn’t he………………………..?
9-Sami cut his finger,…………………didn’t he…………………..………?
10-Open the door,…………………………will you………………………..?
11- 't open the door,………………will you……………………………?
12- The athletes trained very well,……………didn’t they…………….?
13- It was difficult to succeed as an athlete ,……wasn’t it………………?
14- You broke several world records, ……………didn’t you……………….?
15- The Olympic Games were exciting,…… ……weren’t they………….?
16- I am not sure that he is at home…. is he……………………..?
17- I don’t think he speaks English,…………does he………………………?
18- You were one of the best,………………weren’t you……………………?

Negative question.
We often use negative questions like tag questions to check information when we are not sure about the facts .
نستعمل هذا النوع من الأسئلة عندما نكون غير متأكدين من الحقائق.
You come from Manchester , don't you ?
't you come from Manchester?
Change the following interview questions to tag questions which fall at the end .
1- Are you fourteen?.
………You are fourteen, aren't you ?

حولنا السؤال إلى جملة خبرية ثم أضفنا السؤال القصيرtag question
2- Have you got two sisters?
I have got two sisters …..havent I …..?
3- Do you study French?
I study French … don’t I?
4- Are you interested in athletes?
Iam interested in athletes ….Arent you …/
5- Does your uncle own a shop?
My uncle owns a shop …..doesnt he ?
6- Is your house near the post office?
My house is near the post office ….isnt it …/

Make each question negative question
1- You know Ali, don't you ?
…'t you know Ali ?
2- He's in your class , isn't he?
…………………………………………………………….
3- He plays in the basket ball team ,isn’t he?
....................................................................................
4- They won the cup, dint they?
…………………………………………………………….
5- Ali lives near the post office, doesn’t he?
…………………………………………………………….
6- He's got two sisters, hasn’t he ?
……………………………………………………………

Unit Eight
Participle Clauses
1- Present participle clause: is like a relative clause in the present continuous.
e.g : I know the people visiting the head teacher.
( who are visiting the head teacher).
We use ing if the action is continuing, but if it isn't continuing omit ing .
I know the people visit the head teacher.
2- Past participle clause : is like a passive relative clause in a past or perfect tense.
The man chosen for the job will start next week.
(who was chosen)
(who has been chosen)

Modal verbs : present forms
Able ( ability ) : can / can not.
1- I can swim in the sea

هنا can تعني الاستطاعة والقدرة .
2- I can't speak Italian .

هنا can تعني عدم القدرة والاستطاعة لأنها منفية
Allowed : can / can not
1- You can use your phone.

هنا can تعني المسموح أي : يسمح لك باستخدام الهاتف.
2- You can't use your phone.

هنا can تعني غير المسموح به أي: لا يمكنك استخدام الهاتف
إذن نستنتج من الأمثلة السابقة أن can يمكن استخدامها في مجالين الأول القدرة على القيام بشيء والثاني المسموح به .
Necessary : have to /don't have to
( Need to / must ) very strong
1- We all have to study first aid .

أي ضروري أن نتعلم الإسعاف الأولي
Possible : may /may not
Might /might not
Could/could not

كلها تدل على الإمكانية (احتمال الشيء)
1- You may pass your test.

أي ممكن أن تنجح في امتحانك.
A good idea /important to do something
Should/should not
Ought /ought not

تعني فكرة جيدة أو مهم أن نفعل شيء ما
( تستخدم للنصيحة في الزمن الحاضر )
1- You should study for your tests.
2- You shouldn't come late to school.
3- You ought to write carefully.
Necessary not to do something
Unnecessary to do something
Must not
't need to
Need not

ليس من الضروري عمل شيء ما
1- You must not put yourself in danger.
2- You don't have to worry.

Perfect modals
1- could have past participle

تعني القدرة والإمكانية في الزمن الماضي.)كان من الممكن أن ..لكن لم ...)
Why did they wait for the doctor?
They could have given the boy first aid.
2- should have past participle

تعني النصيحة المتأخرة ( أي كان يجب عليك )
A: I failed my test.
B: You should have studied hard for the test.
3- must have past participle

تعني انه كان يجب (للضرورة والاستنتاج)مثبت
· Where are my keys?
You must have lost them at home.

للاستنتاج المنفي نستعمل couldn’t have p.p

Unit Nine

Passive voice

عند التحويل من مبني للمعلوم (أي الفاعل معروف في الجملة) إلى مبني للمجهول علينا التأكد من وجود مفعول به في الجملة.

عند التحويل يجب مراعاة مايلي :
1- المفعول به يصبح فاعل.
2- نبحث في الفعل tense ونستعمل إحدى القواعد في الجدول المرافق .فمثلا إذا كان الفعل مضارعا فإننا نستخدم
(am, is are) past participle
Am إذا كان الفاعل I
Is اذ1 كان الفاعل مفردا
Are إذا كان الفاعل جمعا
وهكذا

Passive voice

verb

Active voice

verb

(am, is are) past participle

present

1

(was, were) past participle

past

2

(am, is, are) being past participle

Present continuous

3

(was, were) being past participle

Past continuous

4

(has, have) been past participle

Present perfect

5

Had been past participle

Past perfect

6

Modal be past participle

modals

7

Be going to be past participle

Be going to

8

Will have been past participle

Future perfect

9

أمثلة على التحويل من مبني للمعلوم إلى مبني للمجهول

Passive voice

Active voice

by Mary

is helped

John

John

helps

Mary

by Mary

is being helped

John

John

is helping

Mary

by Mary

has been helped

John

John

has helping

Mary

by Mary

was helped

John

John

helped

Mary

by Mary

was being helped

John

John

was helping

Mary

by Mary

had been helped

John

John

had helping

Mary

by Mary

will be helped

John

John

will help

Mary

by Mary

is going to be helped

John

John

is going to help

Mary

by Mary

Will have been helped

John

John

will have helped

Mary

Change from active voice into passive voice:

1-Tom opens the door .

2-Tom is opening the door.

3-Tom has opened the door.

4-Tom opened the door.

5-Tom was opining the door.

6-Tom had opened the door.

7-Tom will open the door.

. 8-Tom is going to open the door
. 9-Tom will have opened the door

***** *******************الحل :

1. The door is opened.

2. The door is being opened .

3. The door has been opened .

4. The door was opened .

5. The door was being opened .

6. The door had been opened .

7. The door will be opened .

8. The door is going to be opened .

9. The door will have been opened .

=========

10-Shakespeare wrote the play.

11-Bill will invite Ann to the party.

12-Alex is preparing that report.

13-Waitresses and waiters serve customers.

14-The teacher is going to explain the lesson.

15-Shirly has suggested a new idea.

16-Tow houses were pulling the farmer's wagon.

17-Dawn had returned the book to the library.

18-By this time tomorrow, the president will have the announcement

19-I didn’t wrote that note, Jim wrote it.

20-His tricks won't fool me.

*********************** ***********

Passive questions

1- Is he eating a cake?

2- Was she singing a song?

3- Were they speaking foreign language?

4-Has the mother prepared the milk?

5- Had you done the job?

لاحظ أن المطلوب تحويل الأسئلة إلى المبني للمجهول.
لاحظ المثال رقم 1
المفعول به هو a cake ولكن لان لدينا صيغة سؤال
فإننا لا نستطيع أن نبدأ به ولكن بفعل وهو is ثم المفعول به ثم نكمل صيغة الأفعال المطلوب
استخدامها وهي هنا being past participle
فتصبح الجملةIs a cake being eaten?

6- Does the man cut the trees?

Are the trees cut?

7- Do they read the story?

Is the story read?e eating a cake?6-6-

بمعنى آخر: يمكن تحويل السؤال إلى جملة عادية يتم تحويلها
إلى المبني للمجهول ومن ثم تحويلها إلى صيغة سؤال.

Unit Ten

Catenative verbs
أي فعل يأتي بعدها يجب أن يأخذ to-infinitive Verb +to-infinitive

expect forget hope manage mean plan seem try want would like would prefer.

أي فعل يأتي بعدها يجب أن يأخذ ing Verb + ing

Avoid consider dislike enjoy feel like imagine mind remember suggest.

Complete the conversation

*Basim: So when do you expect…to graduate..( graduate)from college, Khalil?

*Khalil: I hope ……to finish………..(finish) next summer, if all goes well.

B: Do you still enjoy ………doing…….(do) computer studies? I can't imagine……taking……………(take) a course like that myself!

Kh: Well, we're cousins, but I suppose we'revery different. I've never

considered ........trying............(try) anything else!

B: Yes,
you're right that we're very different. I tried .....to
get............(get) interested in computer, but I never managed
.......to enjoy..............( enjoy) them as much as things like art
and especially music.

Prepositions after verbs

[center]preposition
verb
verb
verb
about
worry
think
ask
at
smell
shout
look
for
search
pay
look
From
escape
differ
borrow
in
succeed
specialise
believe
of
taste
remind
Consist
on
decide
rely
agree

Prepositions after nouns

preposition
noun
noun
noun
about
story
opinion
idea
for
wish
request
need
in
rise
fall
Decrease
of
result
explanation
amount
on
report
opinion
Information
to
introduction
attention
access
with
trouble
problem
difficulty

Prepositions after adjectives

preposition

adjective
adjective

Adjective
about
worried
sorry
Anxious
at
terrible
good
Amazed
for
responsible
ready
late
of
tired
proud
Afraid

Nouns with different prepositions for different purposes

Argument about something with somebody.

Discussion about/of something with somebody.

Effect of something on somebody.

Verbs with different prepositions for different purposes

Apply to somebody for something

Talk to somebody about something

Write to somebody about something

After/before/when/while)+ ing participles)

Time clauses can be change to participle clauses like the following example.

Before she went home, Nadia did some shopping.

Before going home, Nadia did some shopping.

إذا كان الفعل مع time clause ماضيا يمكن تحويله إلى المضارع مع إضافة ing
[/center]

Unit Eleven

Conditionals

Type zero

meaning
main clause
If clause

Generally true

Scientific law

It turns to system

If the temperature of water rises to 100 C

الترتيب ألقواعدي

Subject+verb(present)

If + subject+verb (present)

لاحظ أن type zero لا يحتوي على will أو أي modal آخر.

Type 1

meaning
main clause
If clause

May happen if something happens first

Will people like us keep coming?

If the sea keeps shrinking

الترتيب ألقواعدي

Subject+will +verb(infinitive)

If + subject+verb (present)

Type 2

meaning
main clause
If clause

Unreal or imaginary now or in the future

We would have to walk two kilometers to the water.

If we were at a Dead Sea hotel now

الترتيب ألقواعدي

Subject+would +verb(infinitive)

If + subject+verb (past)

Type 3

meaning
main clause
If clause

For an imaginary situation in the past

Everything would have been all right

If less water had been taken

الترتيب ألقواعدي

Subject+would have+verb(past participle)

If + subject+verb (past perfect)

Use the following to make conditionals type ( 1/ 2 /3 ).

1- If Arwa (not call out) to her brother Jihad, he (not turn) and (wave) back.

2- If he (not turn), he (see) the sign.

3- If he (see) the sign, he (stop) in time.

4-If he (not go on), the men (not shut) at him.

حل الجملة الثانية :

1. If he doesn't turn , he will see the sign .

2. If he didn't turn . he would see the sign .

3. If he hadn't turned , he would have seen the sign .

هنااااااااااااااا الوحدة الاخيرة .......

Unit Twelve

Reported speech

Pronoun changes

theirs

ours

he / she

I

his/her

my

they

we

their

our

his/hers

mine

myself

him/her

me/you

them

us

you-me-I-me

you-us-we-us

you-her-she-her

you-him-he-him

you-them-they-them

your-us-our

your-her-her

your-him-his

your-them-their

immediately\then

now

time

later

soon

two days before\earlier

two days ago

that day

today

that night

tonight

the next\the following day

tomorrow

the previous day\the day before

yesterday

the night before

last night

There

( when what is referred to is clear)

here

place

That place

this place

Those places

these places

go\take

come\bring

verb

Reported Speech and the Formal.

Reported speech.

Quoted speech

She said that(she) watched TV

She said, "I watch TV every day"

1

She said she was watching TV

She said," I'm watching TV"

2

She said she had watched TV

She said," I watched TV"

3

She said she would watch TV

She said," I will watch TV"

4

She said she was going to watch TV

She said," I'm going to watch TV"

5

She said she had watch TV

She said," I have watched TV"

6

She said she had been watching TV

She said," I was watching TV"

7

She said she ought to watch TV

She said," I ought to watch TV"

8

She told me to watch TV

She said," Watch TV"

9

She told me not to watch TV

She said, "'t watch TV"

10

تحويلات الأفعال

Verb change

Reported speech

Quoted speech

Past simple

Present simple

Past perfect

Past simple

Past continuous

Present continuous

Past perfect continuous

Past continuous

Past perfect

Present perfect

Past perfect

Past perfect

Reported speech

Quoted speech

was

am

was

is

Were

are

had been

was

had been

were

did

do

Did

does

had done

did

had

has

Had

have

had had

had

Could

can

Would

will

Should

shall

had to

must

had to

have to

had to

has to

يبقى كما هو

الماضي من modals

هناك ثلاثة أنواع من التحويلات:
1- تحويل الجمل الخبرية ويكون كالتالي:
نبدأ الجملة ب he said (that)
نحول الضمائر كما في القواعد السابقة إن وجدت
نحول تصريف الفعل كما في القواعد السابقة
نحول تعابير الزمان إٍٍنْ وجدت
2- تحويل الأسئلة وهي نوعان:
أ- wh- questions حيث غالبا ما نبدأ التحويل ب

He asked wh subject verb(s) sentence complement

ب- yes, no questionsحيث غالبا ما نبدأ التحويل ب

He asked if subject verb(s) sentence complement

3- تحويل الأمر command/request
He told (pronoun) to infinitive sentence complement الأمر المثبت.
He told (pronoun) (not)to infinitive sentence complement الأمر المنفي.

Study these examples.

1- I am a teacher.

He said (that) he was a teacher.

2- This table is being sold now.

He said that table was being sold then.

3- What's your name?

He asked what my name was.

4- Are you studying English now?

He asked if I was studying English then.

Report the following.

1-" I want a sandwich," Jennifer said.

Jennifer said………………………………………………………………

2-"I'm going to move to Ohio," Bruce said.

Bruce informed me………………………………………………………

3-" did you enjoy your trip?" asked Connie.

Connie asked me………………………………………………………….

4-Nancy asked, "Have you seen my grammar book?"

Nancy wanted to know………………………………………………….

5-Sam asked, "Where is Amanda?"

Sam wanted to know…………………………………………………….

6-" I may be late," said Mike.

Mike told me………………………………………………………………

7-Barbara said, "I have to go downtown"

Barbara said…………………………………………………………….

8-" why is the key blue?" my young daughter often asks.

My young daughter often asks me…………………………………….

9-"I will come to the meeting," said Juan.

Juan told me………………………………………………………………

10-"The sun rises in the east," said Mr. Clark.

Mr. Clark said…………………………………………………………….

11-" Is there anything I can do to help?"

Sally wanted to know……………………………………………………

12-"Does Jim know what he's doing?"

I wondered………………………………………………………………..

13-"Is what I wrote correct?"

Maria wanted to know………………………………………………….

14-"I need to go to the market before it close".

Janet suddenly remembered…………………………………………..

15-"Will you be here tomorrow?"

She asked…………………………………………………………………

16-Can you speak Arabic?

She asked ………………………………………………………………

17-How tall are you?

She asked ………………………………………………………………

18-Do you feel okay?

She asked ………………………………………………………………

19-Whose briefcase is this?

Omar asked…………………………………………………………….

20-May I borrow your dictionary?

The student asked…………………………………………………….

21-Did you go to class yesterday?

My father asked me………………………………………………….

22-How many people have you met you in the last couple of months?

Basim asked…………………

هذا الموضوع منقول من الملتقى التربوي .. بارك الله فيهم وجعله في ميزان حسناتهم

كنت بتمنى إني شفت هالموضوع وأنا بالصف العاشر .. بس للأسف راحت علي الفائدة

بتمنى إنكم تستفيدوا .. وكل عام وأنتم بألف خير